- Module Capsulation
Single-cell and 4-cell mini-module with little cell-to-module (CTM) loss (D4.3, M18 - April 2024)
Deliverable D4.3 focuses on the creation of single-cell and 4-cell mini-modules using perovskite/Si tandem solar cells. The main goal was to find suitable materials and conditions to minimize power conversion efficiency (PCE) losses during the encapsulation process. One of the key challenges was ensuring that the solar cell stack could handle the heat needed for lamination. HZB and CSEM achieved a key objective by using SnO2 as a protective layer, which helped reduce cell-to-module losses to below the target threshold. Several encapsulant materials, including different types of thermoplastics, were also found to be effective for these tandem solar cells. Due to the limited production capacity for tandems at this stage, the focus shifted to optimizing materials and processes for single-cell configurations. Work on 4-cell mini-modules is ongoing, but so far only non-functional laminates have been produced to test interconnection and lamination methods.