Full module made with WP3 devices with CTM loss of <10%rel (D4.4, M43 - May 2026)

This deliverable demonstrates the fabrication of full-size perovskite/Si tandem solar modules with cell-to-module (CTM) losses below 10%rel, based on WP3 devices. To achieve this, the project partners implemented targeted process optimisations, including refined interconnection layouts to reduce shading, evaluation of low-stress curing conditions, and improved lamination processes for gentle encapsulation of the tandem stack. Additional enhancements in optical performance, electrical contact resistance, and process control contributed to consistently low CTM losses in modules produced on a pilot line environment using mass-production-compatible methods, marking a key step towards scalable industrial manufacturing.

CTM loss for full-size tandem modules from QC's tandem pilot line in Germany.

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