Recycling possibilities, “zero-waste” target, emissions assessment, and hazardousness classification of used PV panels (D8.5, M39 - December 2025)

This deliverable reports the cell-level recycling experiments performed on PEPPERONI perovskite solar cells using scalable industrial methods. Crushed cells were thermally treated and then processed hydrometallurgically to recover valuable metals. Optimal recovery was achieved after 600 °C calcination, yielding metallurgical-grade silicon and recovering key metals such as Pb, Ag, In, and Sn. The study confirms that existing PV recycling approaches can be adapted for tandem cells and provides the basis for future module-level and scale-up investigations.

Additionally, the study of the hazardousness of the Pepperoni cells and their emissions leads to their classification as hazardous waste due to the measured lead content. The leaching tests carried out highlight exceedances for lead concentration limits for all landfill categories (inert waste, hazardous and non-hazardous waste).

Perovskite solar cell

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